Local Ordinances and Your Home-based Business

For the HBB aspirant

Every year several thousand people develop an interest in going into business. Many of these people have an idea, a product or a service they hope to promote and grow into an income producing business which they may be able to operate from their homes. If you have such aspirations, there are some practical steps to consider before hanging out your “Open for Business” sign.

Ordinances in some areas may prevent you from operating your business, in the sense that, if you live in an area that is zoned “Residential Only,” your proposed business could be illegal depending on the activity in which you must engage to operate it. In those areas, zoning restrictions rule out home businesses that depend on the coming and going of too many customers, clients and/or employees; and if your business is the type that sells or even store anything for sale on the premises, it will fall into this “restricted” category. So be sure to check with your local zoning office to find out how the ordinances in your particular area may affect your business plans.

Quite possibly, a special permit may be needed to operate a business from your home; but you may find that making small changes to your plan will put you into the position of meeting zoning standards. There are a number of communities that grant home occupation permits for businesses that involve typing, sewing, teaching and/or tutoring, but turn a thumbs down on requests from photography, interior decoration and home improvement businesses to be operated from the same home. The variety of home-based business that does not require special permits or licenses and does not violate any zoning ordinances, is commonly known as network marketing businesses, many of which are done via the Internet or Web; thus, Web-based business.

Get into your zone

Keep in mind that, if you are permitted to use your home to operate a given business, there may be restrictions and requirements that you will need to take into consideration; but by all means get to work with your zoning people and save yourself the time, trouble and dollars by finding out what is permissible and what is not for your area. One of the most obvious requirements you may have to comply with is off-street parking for your customers or patrons; and since signs are generally forbidden in residential communities this will likely have a direct impact on the number of students you could have at any one time if your business is teaching or tutoring, for example.

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Obtaining zoning approval for your business is not something you should worry about too much because the process could be as simple as filling out an application. However, it is important to understand that it could also involve a public hearing. In either case there is no cause for worry; just know that the important points zoning officials will consider often center around how your business will affect the neighborhood. Will it increase the traffic noticeably on your street? Will there be a substantial increase in noise? And how will your neighbors feel about this business in such close proximity to their homes?

So check into the zoning restrictions, and then check again to determine if you will need some kind of license from your local government. For example, if you’re selling something, you may need a vendor’s license and/or be required to collect sales taxes on your transactions. A sales tax requirement would result in the need for careful record keeping.

License to operate

Licensing can be an involved process and, depending upon the type of business, it could even involve the inspection of your home to determine if it meets with local health, building and fire codes. Should this be the case, you will need to bring your home business facility up to the local standards. Usually this will involve some simple repairs or modifications that you can either do personally, or hire out to a handyman to do at a nominal cost. Still more items to consider: Will your homeowner’s insurance cover the property and liability in your new business? This must definitely be resolved; so be sure to talk it over with your insurance agent.

Tax deductions, which were once one of the beauties of engaging in a home business, are not what they once were. To be eligible for business related deductions today, you must use that part of your home designated EXCLUSIVELY AND REGULARLY as either the principal location of your business, or a place reserved to meet patients, clients and/or customers.

An interesting case in point: if you use your den or a spare bedroom as the principal place of business, working there from 8:00 to 5:00 every day, but permit your children to watch TV in that room during evening hours, the IRS dictates that you cannot claim a deduction for that room as your office or place of business. There are, however, a couple of exceptions to the “exclusive use” rule. One is the storage of inventory in your home, where your home is the location of your trade or business, and your trade or business is the sale of products at retail or wholesale prices. According to the IRS, such storage space must be used on a REGULAR Basis, and be a separately identifiable space.

Exceptions and expenses

Another exception applies to daycare services that are provided for children, the elderly, or physically/mentally handicapped. This exception applies only if the owner of the facility complies with the state laws for licensing. To be eligible for business deductions, your business must be an activity undertaken with the intent of making profit. It is presumed you meet this requirement if your business makes a profit in any two years of a five-year period.

Once you have started and are reasonably far along in your business operation, you can deduct business expenses such as supplies, subscriptions to professional journals, and an allowance for the business use of your car or truck. You can also claim deductions for home related business expenses such as utilities, and in some cases, even a new paint job for your home, depending on the necessity for such improvement as it relates to operation of your business.

IRS is going to treat the part of your home used for business in the same manner as it will treat a separate piece of property. This means that you will have to keep good records and take care not to mix business and personal matters. No specific method of record keeping is required, but your records must clearly indicate and justify the deductions you claim.

You can begin by calculating what percentage of the house is used for business, either by number of rooms or by area in square footage. Thus, if you use one of the five rooms in your home for your business, the business portion equates to 20 percent; and if you run your business out of a room that is 10 by 12 feet out of a total area of your home measuring 1,200 square feet, the business space factor equates to 10 percent.

An extra computation is required if your business is a home day care center. This is one of the exempted activities in which the exclusive use rule does not apply; but you can certainly check with your tax preparer and/or the IRS for an exact determination. Also keep in mind that if you are a renter, you can deduct the part of your rent which is attributable to the business share of your house or apartment. Homeowners can take a deduction based on the depreciation of the business portion of their home.

There are limitations to the amount you can deduct which equates to an amount equal to the gross income generated by your business, minus those home expenses you would deduct even if you were not operating a business from your home. The best examples would be real estate taxes and mortgage interest that are deductible regardless of any business activity in your home; so you must subtract from your business gross income the percentage that is allocable to the business portion of your home. You should then arrive at the maximum amount for home-related business deductions.

Reporting income

Your self-employment business deductions are claimed on form SCHEDULE C (Profit or Loss from Business). The IRS emphasizes that claiming business-at-home deductions does not automatically trigger an audit on your tax return; but even so, it is always wise to meticulously adhere to proper guidelines and, of course, keep detailed records if you claim business related expenses when you are working out of your home. it is a good idea to discuss this aspect of your operation with your tax preparer or a person qualified in the field of small business tax requirements.

If your business earnings aren’t subject to withholding tax, and your estimated federal taxes are $100 or more, you’ll probably be filing a Declaration of Estimated Tax on Form 1040 ES. To complete this form you will have to estimate your income for the coming year based upon projections and also make a computation of the income tax and self-employed tax you will owe.

The self-employment tax pays for Social Security coverage; but if you have a salaried job covered by Social Security, the self-employment tax applies only to that amount of your home business income that, when added to your salary, reaches the then current ceiling. When you file your Form 1040-ES, which is due April 15 (unless April 15th falls on a holiday or weekend day during normal times), you must make the first of four equal installment payments on your estimated tax bill.

When is Web Marketing Worthwhile?

A practical truth

Generally, a practical answer to the title question is, always; but the true answer is much more in depth. Of course Web marketing is worthwhile but, as with any type of marketing, it is only worthwhile if it is done well. For example, you can spend thousands of dollars on a television marketing campaign but if no one sees your commercials or those commercials do not reach your target audience and generate sales, the advertising will have been worthless.

So perhaps a more appropriate answer to this question would be, Web marketing is worthwhile when it works. This is kind of a more nuanced answer, but in this article we will take a closer look at the issue and do our best to remove any vagueness in the answer, as well as explain how you can make Web marketing work for your business.

One of the most basic principles of marketing is to make sure your ads reach the target audience you intend them to reach. This is so important because your target audience is the people who will likely have some interest in purchasing your products or services. It is much easier to sell your products/services to those who already have an interest in what you have to offer, than it is to convince those who are not interested in those products/services at all.

For instance

As an example, consider a business that sells fishing rods. The owner(s) will want to market products to those who enjoy fishing, either competitively or as a leisure activity, because among this audience you are likely to find people who may be interested in purchasing a new fishing rod. It would also make sense to place an advertisement for your business on a website marketing bait and tackle or a website which organizes fishing trips in exotic locations.

Conversely it would not make sense to place your advertisement on a website selling telescopes because you are not likely to reach a large target audience here. There may be some stargazers with an interest in fishing but your advertising dollars and efforts would be better spent placing advertisements with websites more closely related to your business.

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Another factor to consider when purchasing advertising space on other websites is traffic; meaning the amount of traffic the other websites receive. This is significant because you want to place your advertisement on those websites that are closely related to your own and likely to attract a similar audience, but you also want your advertisement to receive a large portion of attentive readers.

For this reason it is important that your advertisement appear on a website which receives a great amount of traffic each month because this will help to ensure that your business is getting a great deal of exposure through this advertising.

Web advertising

When it comes to Web advertising, there is a fine line between great advertising and spam. Some business owners get carried away trying to get as much exposure as possible and can sometimes go overboard and wind up being considered spammers.

Web users who see your advertisement in a couple of key locations will likely notice the advertisement and may be compelled to visit your website immediately or may keep your website in mind for future use. However, Web users who see your advertisement everywhere they look are likely to view your advertisement as spam. This can be harmful because they are not likely to visit your website because they expect it to not be worthwhile.

Effectiveness

In any Web marketing campaign it is important to carefully monitor the results of your marketing efforts and make changes to your campaign as necessary. This is important because you want to make sure your marketing efforts are paying off and the best way to do this is to evaluate the results of your advertising carefully.

One way to do this is to place special coding in each one of your advertisements so you will know which advertisements are generating business for you and which ones are not. You can use this information to decide whether you should modify the ineffective website or stop running these advertisements. If you decide to modify them you will want to continue to monitor the results to determine whether or not the changes made the advertisements more effective.